[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/jak-funguji-viry\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/jak-funguji-viry\/","headline":"Jak funguj\u00ed viry","name":"Jak funguj\u00ed viry","description":"Viry jsou n\u011bco, \u010deho se obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b, boj\u00edme. Pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti z\u00e1jmu mikrobiologie, co\u017e je v\u011bda, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b viry, ale tak\u00e9 bakteriemi, mikromycetami (houby s\u00a0velikost\u00ed viditelnou pouze mikroskopem) \u010di n\u011bkter\u00fdmi parazity. Viry jsou pod slovo mikrobiologie za\u0159azeny vcelku nepr\u00e1vem. Nejsou toti\u017e klasifikov\u00e1ny jako \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy, kter\u00e9 by…","datePublished":"2022-10-02","dateModified":"2023-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06473a178d94fb830b46e277369729e9534f2612e261ec2f1ee96b672ef473e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06473a178d94fb830b46e277369729e9534f2612e261ec2f1ee96b672ef473e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"vespapv.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/isolated-g2402c260c_640.png","url":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/isolated-g2402c260c_640.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/jak-funguji-viry\/","about":["Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed"],"wordCount":379,"articleBody":"Viry jsou n\u011bco, \u010deho se obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b, boj\u00edme. Pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti z\u00e1jmu mikrobiologie, co\u017e je v\u011bda, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b viry, ale tak\u00e9 bakteriemi, mikromycetami (houby s\u00a0velikost\u00ed viditelnou pouze mikroskopem) \u010di n\u011bkter\u00fdmi parazity. Viry jsou pod slovo mikrobiologie za\u0159azeny vcelku nepr\u00e1vem. Nejsou toti\u017e klasifikov\u00e1ny jako \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed metabolismus. Viry se, na rozd\u00edl od bakteri\u00ed, ned\u011bl\u00ed. Tento proces u nich ozna\u010dujeme jako replikaci. Ka\u017ed\u00fd virus si s\u00a0sebou nese pouze nukleovou kyselinu, DNA nebo RNA. Ta ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem chr\u00e1n\u011bna kapsidou nebo obalem. Nukleov\u00e1 kyselina se dostane do hostitelsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, co\u017e se d\u011bje na z\u00e1klad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch mechanism\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 viry jsou sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky schopn\u00e9 v\u00e1zat se na receptory, kter\u00e9 bu\u0148ka vystavuje sv\u00e9m povrchu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o receptory pro hormony a r\u016fzn\u00e9 molekuly, virus je tedy zneu\u017eije. V\u00a0moment\u011b, kdy se virus zd\u00e1rn\u011b p\u0159ichyt\u00e1 na receptor, nic netu\u0161\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ka takov\u00fd virus pohlt\u00ed. V\u00a0bu\u0148ce se pak nukleov\u00e1 kyselina osvobod\u00ed a p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zabere ribozomy, na kter\u00fdch se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed proteiny. Takto bu\u0148ce zastav\u00ed tvorbu pro ni pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch b\u00edlkovin a bezohledn\u011b si tvo\u0159\u00ed ty svoje, kter\u00e9 jsou nutn\u00e9 pro replikaci nukleov\u00fdch kyselin, pro tvorbu obalu nebo pro uvoln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00a0bu\u0148ky. Na to, \u017ee je napadena virem, m\u016f\u017ee bu\u0148ka reagovat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Bu\u010f funguje cyklus lytick\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se virus pomno\u017e\u00ed a bu\u0148ka b\u011bhem tohoto d\u011bje um\u00edr\u00e1, anebo bu\u0148ka p\u0159e\u017eije. Na venek se to m\u016f\u017ee projevit jako onemocn\u011bn\u00ed klinick\u00e9 (projev\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edznaky typick\u00e9 pro danou nemoc), subklinick\u00e9 (projev\u00ed se pouze nespecifick\u00e9 symptomy) nebo je infekce inaparentn\u00ed, tedy klinicky n\u011bm\u00e1. Bez klinick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina infekc\u00ed, proto\u017ee na\u0161e imunita je schopn\u00e1 infekci v\u010das zastavit, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, a to jsou pak okam\u017eiky, kdy se nec\u00edt\u00edme dob\u0159e, mus\u00edme nemoc vyle\u017eet \u010di dokonce nav\u0161t\u011bvujeme l\u00e9ka\u0159e.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.6\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak funguj\u00ed viry","item":"https:\/\/www.vespapv.cz\/jak-funguji-viry\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]